Global
score

Human smuggling

4.77

Under the Index, human smuggling requires the criminalization of the illegal entry, transit or residence of migrants (by land, sea or air) by an organised criminal group for the purposes of a financial or material benefit. Activity in this criminal economy reflects all stages of the illicit activity including the producing, procuring, providing or possessing fraudulent travel or identity documents when committed for the purpose of enabling the smuggling of migrants. Notably, while distinct crimes, human smuggling may turn into trafficking when the element of exploitation is involved.

Highest-scoring countries

Eritrea

9.50

Eritrea

Criminality

4.34

Criminal market

4.05

Criminal actors

4.63

Resilience

2.33

Turkey

9.00

Turkey

Criminality

6.89

Criminal market

6.40

Criminal actors

7.38

Resilience

3.54

Syria

8.50

Syria

Criminality

6.84

Criminal market

6.05

Criminal actors

7.63

Resilience

1.88

Mexico

8.50

Mexico

Criminality

7.57

Criminal market

8.00

Criminal actors

7.13

Resilience

4.46

Iraq

8.50

Iraq

Criminality

7.05

Criminal market

6.35

Criminal actors

7.75

Resilience

3.79

Lowest-scoring countries

Tuvalu

1.00

Tuvalu

Criminality

1.54

Criminal market

1.70

Criminal actors

1.38

Resilience

6.04

Tonga

1.00

Tonga

Criminality

3.78

Criminal market

3.30

Criminal actors

4.25

Resilience

5.21

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

1.00

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Criminality

3.30

Criminal market

2.85

Criminal actors

3.75

Resilience

5.46

Monaco

1.00

Monaco

Criminality

2.43

Criminal market

1.60

Criminal actors

3.25

Resilience

5.38

Grenada

1.00

Grenada

Criminality

3.05

Criminal market

2.85

Criminal actors

3.25

Resilience

4.67

View heatmap for Human smuggling score

Rank all countries by Human smuggling score

Compare Human smuggling score with other indicators

The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size and the criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height, on a scale ranging from 1 to 10. The resilience score is represented by the panel height, which can be identified by the side of the panel.

This report was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State.

ENACT is funded by the European Union and implemented by the Institute for Security Studies and INTERPOL, in affiliation with the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime.

The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State.