About the Index

Based on the 2019 ENACT Organised Crime Index for Africa, the Global Organized Crime Index is a key flagship project of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC). It is a multi-dimensional tool that assesses the level of criminality and resilience to organized crime for 193 countries along three key pillars – criminal markets, criminal actors and resilience. Developed over a two-year period, this iteration of the Index covers the year 2022 and draws from both quantitative and qualitative sources. The tools is underpinned by over 400 expert assessments and evaluations by the GI-TOC’s regional observatories.

The objective of the Index is to provide metrics-based information that would allow policymakers and continental and regional bodies to prioritize their interventions on the basis of a holistic assessment of where vulnerabilities lie, and equip them with the means to measure the efficacy of their responses to mitigate the impact of organized crime. This is the second iteration of the Global Index, which is published every two years.

Scores

Index composition

The Global Index measures criminality and resilience for each country on a scale of 1 to 10. Countries’ criminality scores are made up of the average of ten criminal markets and four criminal actor types. While encompassing a range of activities, criminal marketscan be thought of as the political, social and economic systems surrounding all stages of the illicit trade and/or exploitation of commodities or people. Criminal actor scores are based on assessments of the structure, control and influence of groups engaged in organized criminal activities. The higher the criminality score a country has, the more severe its criminality conditions are.

Resilience scores are created by taking the average of 12 resilience indicators. These indicators represent the political, legal, economic and social spheres of society that when taken together, have the potential to provide holistic and effective responses to organized crime. Unlike criminality, the higher the resilience score a country has, the more effective its response measures are to organised crime.

The definitions of criminal markets, criminal actors, and resilience indicators, as used for the purpose of the Index, can be downloaded here. All Index scores have gone through extensive rounds of review and verification by thematic, geographic and technical experts, and are accompanied by qualitative country profiles to ensure these numbers make sense in the real-world context and to offer users a foundation to develop informed policies to counter organized crime.

Rankings

Sort and compare

While responses differ from country to country, organized crime is nevertheless a global problem. Under the criminality and resilience components of the Index, countries are ranked based on their scores in order to offer users the option for comparative analysis, both thematically and geographically, across the globe. Countries may have similar scores but for different reasons, so above all, country rankings are meant to start a conversation among policymakers and regional bodies, encouraging them to delve deeper into how and why organized crime affects their respective countries, and learn from one another in order to develop effective resilience strategies.

Country with highest criminality score

Myanmar

8.150.56

Myanmar

Criminality

8.15

Criminal markets

7.70

Criminal actors

8.60

Resilience

1.63

Country with lowest criminality score

Tuvalu

1.620.08

Tuvalu

Criminality

1.62

Criminal markets

1.93

Criminal actors

1.30

Resilience

6.08

Country with highest resilience score

Finland

8.630.21

Finland

Criminality

2.98

Criminal markets

3.27

Criminal actors

2.70

Resilience

8.63

Country with lowest resilience score

Afghanistan

1.50-1.17

Afghanistan

Criminality

7.10

Criminal markets

7.00

Criminal actors

7.20

Resilience

1.50

Profile

Country summaries

In addition to the scores and rankings, the Global Organized Crime Index website allows users access to country summaries that explain the context behind each country’s scores. These summaries provide the background information on each country's criminality and resilience, including their subcomponents (i.e. criminal markets and criminal actors), while highlighting key trends based on expert assessments.

Pyramid height

The criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height on a scale ranging from 1 to 10.

Pyramid width

The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size on a scale ranging from 1 to 10.

Panel height

The resilience score is represented by the panel height which can be identified by the side of the panel.

People

Acknowledgements

The Global Organized Crime Index was developed by a core team at the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime: Laura Adal, Kosyo Ivanov, Chiara Gentili, Ebru Erkan, Tuesday Reitano, and Mark Shaw. Index development was also supported by Ana Castro, Kristina Amerhauser, Rumbi Matamba and Virginia Comolli, as Regional Coordinators, as well as by Nina Kaysser, Michael McLaggan and Sarah Fares. Credit to the GI-TOC's Publications team, Claudio Landi and Café.art.br for the design, visualizations and website.

In the process of developing this tool, the team drew on the support and expertise of more than 480 individuals and we would like to express our sincere gratitude to colleagues, experts, reviewers and research assistants for their tireless efforts to build a comprehensive and informative knowledge-sharing and analytical tool. Over a two-year period, experiences and informed opinions were exchanged, and lessons learned in order to develop the second iteration of the Global Organized Crime Index.

The Index itself was conceptualized years before the publication of the first iteration of the tool, and its realization would not have been possible without the foundational work under ENACT (Enhancing Africa’s Response to Transnational Organised Crime) − supported by INTERPOL and the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), and funded by the European Union and in part by the Government of Norway. We would also like to extend our gratitude to the United States Department of State for funding the 2023 Global Organized Crime Index.

Final opinions, findings and conclusions do not necessarily constitute or imply expert endorsements, nor do they necessarily represent their respective institutions.

Technical reference group

Dr. Fiona M Underwood: Independent Statistical Researcher/Consultant
Georgios Antonopoulos: Northumbria University, Newcastle
Jonathan D Moyer, PhD: Director, Frederick S Pardee Center for International Futures
Karl Lallerstedt: Senior Fellow, GI-TOC
Dr. Leo S.F. Lin: Director, Institute for Asian Crime and Security
Professor Marc Tassé: University of Ottawa, (School of Management and Law School)
Dr. Michael Levi: Professor of Criminology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
Dr. Patricio R Estévez-Soto: Lecturer in Security and Crime Science, University College London
Robin Cartwright: Senior Fellow, GI-TOC
Sara Batmanglich: -
Dr. Sharon Ingrid Kwok: Lecturer, Criminology, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University
Yannick Vuylsteke: Former Head of the Ibrahim Index of African Governance

Experts

Abdiaziz Mahmoud Ismail: -
Ahmet Yayla, PhD: Associate Professor of Criminal Justice, DeSales Univestiy, and Director, Center for Homeland Security & Master of Arts in Homeland Security
Akizi-Egnim Akala: Conflict, peace and security expert
Alan Martin: Head of Responsible Sourcing, LBMA
Aleksandar Srbinovski: Coordinator for the Network of Experts for the South Eastern Europe Observatory; Field Coordinator for North Macedonia, GI-TOC
Aleksandra Bulatovic, PhD: Associate Research Professor, Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory, University of Belgrade
Dr. Alexander Kupatadze: Associate Professor, King's College London
Dr. Alexandra Abello Colak: London School of Economics and Political Science
Alexandre Bish: UCL
Prof. Alexandre Kukhianidze: Professor of Political Science, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
Dr. Alexis A. Aronowitz: Independent Consultant
Alice Fereday: GI-TOC
Dr. Alice Tregunna: Independent Consultant
Dr. Allan Gillies: Lecturer in Global Economy, School of Social and Political Science, University of Glasgow
Ambika Satkunanathan: -
Ana Castro: -
Dr Andi Hoxhaj: Lecturer in Law, University College London
Andre Almeida Silva: -
Prof. Andreas Schloenhardt: The University of Queensland, Australia and University of Vienna, Austria
Dr.iur. Andrejs Vilks: Professor, Faculty of Law, Riga Stradins University
Prof. Andrés Antillano: Instituto de Ciencias Penales. Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Anesa Agović: Field Coordinator for Bosnia and Herzegovina, GI-TOC
Dr. Angelo Constantinou: Adjunct Lecturer-Open University of Cyprus / Visiting Assistant Professor-University of Cyprus
Dr. Anna Markovska: Associate Professor in Criminology, Deputy Director PIER, Anglia Ruskin University
Dr. Anna Powles: Massey University
Anna Sergi: Professor, University of Essex, UK
Antonio Sampaio: Thematic Lead for Cities & Illicit Economies, GI-TOC
Artis Velšs: Researcher, Riga Stradins University
Arturo Matute: Director, Gobernalisis S.A.
Astrid De Schutter: Researcher, Flemish Peace Institute
Attila Biro: Co-founder, Context.ro
Austin Knuppe: Assistant Professor of Political Science, Utah State University
Beatriz Seabra Brito: Guest Professor, Nova School of Law / Lawyer, Bank of Portugal
Beka Feathers: Independent Consultant
Birahime Seck: Coordonnateur Général du Forum Civil, Section Sénégalaise Transparency International
Bojan Dobovšek, PhD: -
Borislav Gerasimov: Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women
Dr. Boštjan Slak: -
Dr. Camille Hernández-Ramdwar: Associate Professor Emerita, Toronto Metropolitan University
Carlos A. Mendoza A.: Academic Coordinator, Dialogos
Carlos Anibal Peris: Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, Paraguay
Carlos Hernández Vázquez: Independent Consultant, Member of the Asociacion of Certified Financial Crime Specialists - Chapter Mexico
Carolina Duque: International researcher and professor
Dr. Carolina Sampó: University of Maryland - Conicet, Argentina
Celia Medrano: Consultant specialized in Human Rights
César A. Ipenza Peralta: Environmental lawyer specialized in environmental matters; GIN Member - Peru
Christian Locka: Director, Museba Journalism Project
Christian Nellemann: Consultant
Concepción Anguita Olmedo: Lecturer in International Relations and Organized Crime at Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Senior Researcher, Complutense Institute of International Studies (ICEI)
Dr. Constanze Blum: Leipzig University
Crispin Yuen: CAMS-Audit, CISSP, CISA, Director, Custos Advisory
Dr. Daan van Uhm: Utrecht University
Dr. Dalia Ghanem: Senior research analyst, expert on Algeria, European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS)
Daniele Grasso: Data and Investigative Journalist at El País
Dr. Dany Franck A. Tiwa: Executive Director, African Centre for Crime and Security Studies (ACCSS)
Dardan Koçani: Field Coordinator for Kosovo, GI-TOC
Prof. David Bright: School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Deakin University
David Pérez Esparza: -
Dr. Dávid Tóth Ph.D.: Adjunct Professor, University of Pécs, Faculty of Law, Criminology and Penal Execution Law Department
Prof. David Wall: -
Deanna Davy: -
Dejan Milovac: Director, MANS' Investigative Center
Delfin Mocache Massoko: -
Dr. Derica Lambrechts: Political Science, Stellenbosch University
Desmond Arias: Director, Bildner Center for Western Hemisphere Affairs, the Graduate Center, City University of New York
Dr. Diego Sanjurjo: Universidad Católica del Uruguay / Lecturer
Prof. Dr. Dina Siegel: Utrecht University
Dr. Douglas M C Allan: Head of School, Charles Sturt University
Dylan Kerrigan: -
Edgardo Mejia Gomez-Marquez: International Security Advisor and Consultant
Edward Rees: -
Elisabete Vilar: Researcher, NOVA University of Lisbon – School of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH)
Emilia Columbo: -
Emilia Jurgielewicz-Delegacz, PhD: Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Bialystok; The International Centre for Criminological Research and Expertise (Poland)
Eric D U Gutierrez: -
Dr. Erica Marat: Professor, College of International Security Affairs
Ernesto U. Savona: Professor of Criminology and Director of Transcrime (Joint Research Centre on Innovation and Crime), Università Cattolica, Milan
Professor Etannibi Alemika: Independent Researcher and Consultant in Criminology, Criminal Justice and Security
Eugène Arnaud Yombo Sembe, PhD: Governance, Peace and Security Specialist, Regional Project Manager, Francophone Africa, Africa Integrity Indicators.
Eugenio C Almeida: Research-Doctorate at the Center for International Studies, ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (CEI-IUL) and Associate Researcher at CINAMIL (Lisbon Military Academy)
Fabrice Kodjo Ebeh: Founder & President of ANCE-TOGO
Fabrice Rizzoli: President of Crim'HALT Association
Farai Maguwu: Executive Director of Centre for Natural Resource Governance
Fedir Sydoruk: Field Coordinator for Ukraine, GI-TOC
Felipe Botero Escobar: Head of Colombia, GI-TOC
Fiona Mangan: Senior Fellow, United Nations University
Francis Dusabe: Co-Founder, Crime Watch Inc
François Mathieu: Independent Expert, GI-TOC Board Member
Gabriela Reyes Rodas: Criminologist
Galen Murton, PhD: Associate Professor, Geography Program, School of Integrated Sciences, James Madison University
Dr. Gareth Price: Senior Research Fellow, The Azure Forum for Contemporary Security Strategy
Brig. General (rtd) Gaseikanngwe Peke: Independent Consultant, Botswana
Geoff Ramsey: Senior Fellow, Atlantic Council's Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center (AALAC)
Mr. Georges Nicette: Senior lecturer (Social work/Sociology), Health and Social Care Department, University Of Seychelles (UNISEY)
Georgios Antonopoulos: Northumbria University, Newcastle
Dr. Gernot Klantschnig: Associate Professor in International Criminology, University of Bristol
Attorney Gideon Cauton: International Justice Mission
PD Mag. Dr. phil. habil. Gilles Reckinger: Karl Franzens Universität Graz, Institut für Kulturanthropologie
Gorazd Meško: University of Maribor
Gregory Coleman: Security Expert on Liberia, Executive—Director, Sustainable Initiatives International (SII)
Guillermo Vázquez del Mercado: International Security Consultant
Gustavo Mauricio Bastien Olvera: Professor, National Autonomous University of Mexico
Dr. Hai Thanh Luong: Research Fellow, School of Social Science, The University of Queensland
Hamid Azizi, PhD: Researcher, Flinders University
Dr. Hana Ross: University of Cape Town
Hannes Jansen Van Vuren: Advisor, Financial Investigations, UNODC Transnational Organised Crime, Illicit Trafficking and Terrorism Programme, Eastern Africa
Dr. Hasan Hafidh: Director, HH Expert Consultancy
Heather Sutton: Consultant on Violence Prevention and Citizen Security
Helgi Gunnlaugsson, PhD: Professor of Sociology, University of Iceland
Henrietta McNeill: Australian National University
Horacio Pacheco, B.A. Business Administration / PGIT: CEO of ADC, Expert member of GI-TOC, Steering Committee member of Americas Civil Society Regional Network for UNTOC Implementation, Focal Point Argentina
Hugh Miles: Al Shafie Miles ltd.
Hugo Blewett-Mundy: Journalist and Consultant for Eastern Europe
Ibrahim Jalal: Middle East Institute and Horizon Research and Advisory
Associate Professor Irvin Kinnes: Centre of Criminology, University of Cape Town
Israel Octave Bayili: West Africa and Sahel Violent Extremism and Organized Crime Expert
Ivan Marques, MSc: Human Rights and International Affairs, Secretary for Multidimensional Security at the Organization of American States
Ivan Rush Mugisha: Freelance journalist: AFP, The Africa Report, The East African
Esq. Iyadh Abid: Attorney at Law (New York State bar) & Policy Consultant
Dr. J E Hoare: Hon Research Associate, SOAS University of London
Dr. Jacqui Baker: Lecturer in Southeast Asian Politics, Fellow of the Indo-Pacific Research Centre, Murdoch University
Dr. Jade Lindley: Law School and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia
James Lynch: Co-Director, FairSquare
Dr. James Windle: University College Cork, Ireland
Jamie Hitchen: -
Jason Eligh: Senior Expert, GI-TOC
Jason G Tower: United States Institute of Peace
Jay Caldwell: Deputy Director, Australia Pacific Security College, Australian National University
Jeff C. Frazier: Counselor, Loomis Innovation Council, Stimson Center, Senior Advisor, Atlantic Council
Jelle Janssens: Associate professor of criminology, Institute for international Research on Criminal Policy, Faculty of law and criminology, Ghent University
Jenni Irish-Qhobosheane: GI-TOC
Jenny J Constantine: Janus Consortium
Jisun Choi, PhD: Director of International Cooperation Center, Korean Institute of Criminology and Justice (KICJ)
Joaquin Gil: Investigative reporter (El País)
Joelle Bassil: -
John Collins, PhD: GI-TOC
Dr. John Coyne: Australian Strategic Policy Institute
John Grobler: -
Dr. John P. Sullivan: Safe Communities Institute, University of Southern California
Jonathan Rozen: Independent Researcher
Jonson N. Porteux, PhD: Associate Professor (Public Policy), Kansai Gaidai University
Prof. Dr. Joongyoung Hahm: Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Graduate School, International Relations
Jorge Mantilla: Political Scientist and Criminologist. Researcher in conflict and organized violence
Jorge Mario Andrino Grotewold: Expert/Academic Researcher
Dr. Jose Sousa-Santos: Visiting Fellow, Macmillan Brown Pacific Studies Centre, University of Canterbury
Julia Stanyard: GI-TOC
Julia Yansura: Program Director for Latin America and the Caribbean, Global Financial Integrity
Julian Newman: Campaigns Director, Environmental Investigation Agency
Julian Rademeyer: GI-TOC
Jüri Saar: Researcher, Institute of Internal Security, Estonian Academy of Security Sciences
Dr. Kateryna Boguslavska: Basel Institute on Governance
Dr. Katharine Petrich: Assistant Professor, Middlebury Institute of International Studies
Katherine Wilkins: PhD Candidate, Hertie School of Governance - Berlin
Ken Opala: -
Kevin Williams, CPP, PCI, PSP, CCTP cATO, PG Dip: Security Operations and Global Lead Security Investigations Hitachi Energy
Khachik Harutyunyan: -
Kim Moeller, PhD: Docent, Malmö University
Kimmo Nuotio: Professor, University of Helsinki
Dr. Kingsley L. Madueke: GI-TOC
Kittipoom Neamhom: -
Distinguished Professor Ko-Lin Chin: School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University-Newark
Koalaga Oumarou Paul: Institut de Stratégie et de Relations Internationales (ISRI)
Kristof Titeca: Professor in Development Studies, Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp
Kwesi Aning: Director, Faculty of Academic Affairs and Research, Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center, Accra, Ghana
Lawrence P. Markowitz, PhD: Professor, Rowan University
Lemine Ould Salem: -
Lennon Chang, PhD: Associate Professor, Cyber Policy and Risk, Centre for Cyber, Resilience and Trust, Deakin University
Dr. Lester Ramírez Irías: Association for a More Just Society (AJS), Transparency Internacional Honduras
Lilian Chapa Koloffon: Senior Researcher, The World Justice Project
Lina Khatib, PhD: Director, SOAS Middle East Institute, SOAS University of London
Dr. Loria-Mae Heywood: Child/human trafficking and development specialist
Luca Raineri: -
Lucia Bird: GI-TOC
Lucia Dammert: Professor, Universidad de Santiago de Chile
Dr. Lucy Hovil: Partner, Expectation State
Lukas Diko: Chairman, Investigative Center of Jan Kuciak
Lyes Tagziria: GI-TOC
Madan Sharma: -
Madeleine Ngeunga: Editor / Investigative journalist, InfoCongo
Marcelo Bergman: Profesor CELIV/ Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Argentina
Marcena Hunter: Thematic Lead on Extractives and Illicit Flows, GI-TOC
Margherita Bettoni: Journalist
María Fernanda Noboa González, PhD: Académica e investigadora experta en estudios estratégicos y de seguridad
Maria Karayotova: Senior Consultant, PMG Analytics
Dr. Marika McAdam: Independent consultant
Dr. Mark Galeotti: Executive Director, Mayak Intelligence
Associate Professor Mark Lauchs: Queensland University of Technology
Mark Nuttall: -
Martin Verrier: Royal United Services Institute Associate Fellow
Dr. Martina Baradel: University of Oxford/Marie Curie fellow
Matt Herbert: GI-TOC
Matthew Nanes: Associate Professor, Saint Louis University
Dr. Matthew Pate: Lecturer, University at Albany
Dr. Mauricio Vieira: Head, Chair on Countering Illicit Trade and Preventing Transnational Organized Crime at the University for Peace, UN-affiliated
Dr. Maxime Ricard: West Africa Researcher, Institute of Strategic Research of the Military School (IRSEM)
May Buchmüller: -
Dr. Mentor Beqa: Aleksandër Moisiu University of Durrës
Michael Dyson: Independent consultant
Dr. Michael Main: The Australian National University
Michael McLaggan: GI-TOC
Michael Picard: Independent Researcher
Mick F.: Analyst
Dr. Mohamed El-Guindy: Cybercrime and Cyber Security Expert
Mohamed Haji Ingiriis: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Deshabandu Mohamed Ruwaiz Latiff: Former Senior Deputy Inspector General of Police, Crime and Organised Crime Range, Police Narcotics Range, and Commandant, Special Task Force, Sri Lanka Police, and Director, Global Security and Intelligence, Group Controls and Risks, Hela Apparel Holdings
Mohammad Azizur Rahman, PhD: Research Fellow, Toronto Metropolitan University
Associate Professor Dr. Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin: Criminologist, The National University of Malaysia
Dr. Mohammed Rahman: Senior Lecturer, Birmingham City University
Mohammed Sinan Siyech: Non-Resident Associate Fellow, Observer Research Foundation
Mouhamadou Kane: GI-TOC
Muazu Umaru: Inter-Governmental Action Group against Money Laundering in West Africa (GIABA)
Muhammad al-Kashef: Human Rights Lawyer and Advocate, Consultant Researcher and Advisor, Watch The Med, Migreurop, Refugees' Solidarity Movement
Muhammad Subtain Raza: CFE, CAMS -Transnational Organized Crimes Consultant, USA
Nacer Lalam, PhD: Economist, National Institute of Advanced Studies of the Ministry of Interior
Dr. Natália Hangáčová: Dentons Europe CS LLP
Dr. Natalia Ollus: Director, the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI)
Natheer Brown: Cyber Specialist
Nesma El Shazly: University of Calgary
Dr. Nicholas Gilmour: Consultant and Author - The War on Dirty Money
Nicholas Hans Jong: Senior staff writer, Mongabay
Nick Lewis OBE: -
Dr. Nilia Viscardi: Universidad de la República, Uruguay
Nils Duquet: Director, Flemish Peace Institute
Odd Malme: Retired police chief and Senior Advisor of GI
Pahrur Dalimunthe S.H: Managing Partner of DNT Lawyers Law Firm
Paul Chaves: Member of Comunidad Internacional en Gestión de Riesgos y Seguridad (COLADCA) and Insiituto de Seguridad y Criminologia (ISEC)
Prof. Paul Larsson: -
Pauline Verheij: Independent Consultant, EcoJust
Dr. Paulo José dos Reis Pereira: Associate Professor, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, Brazil
Pavla Holcova: Editor, OCCRP
Dr. Peggy E. Chaudhry: Villanova University
Peng Wang: The University of Hong Kong
Peri-Khan Aqrawi-Whitcomb: -
Petr Kupka: Department of Anthropology, University of West Bohemia
Dr. Phil René Oyono: Senior Policy Research Fellow, Rights and Resources Initiative (Central Africa & Washington DC)
Adjunct Associate Professor Philip Alpers: Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney
Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy: CNRS Research Fellow, Paris, France
Prem Mahadevan: -
Prof Zbigniew Lasocik: Human Trafficking Studies Center, University of Warsaw, Poland
Rabi Raj Thapa: Retired Additional Inspector General, Armed Police Force; Security and Law Enforcement Expert
Racheline Tantular: Analyst at Lydekker and Independent Consultant
Dr. Raluca-Ioana Mocanu: -
Randrianarisoa Riana Raymonde: Freelance journalist, Madagascar
Riccardo Fabiani: North Africa Director, the International Crisis Group
Richard Chelin: -
Richard Giragosian: Director, Regional Studies Center (RSC), Yerevan, Armenia
Richard Obinna Iroanya: University of Namibia, Department of Military of Science, School of Military Science Windhoek
Dr. Rieko Hayakawa: Law School, Doshisha University
Roberto Obando: Director of Peace, Justice and Security, Pan American Development Foundation (PADF), Washington, DC, USA
Roy McComb: Consultant, Transnational Organised Crime
Roya Kashefi: Association des Chercheurs Iraniens (ACI)
Ruggero Scaturro: GI-TOC
Rukshana Rizwie: Senior Researcher and Journalist
Ruslan Trad: Representative of the Atlantic Council’s DFRLab
Ruta Nimkar: Director, Meraki Labs
Ruth Freedom Pojman: Ruth Freedom Pojman Advisory
Ryhor Nizhnikau: Senior Research Fellow, Finnish Institute of International Affairs
Sam Ratner: Policy director, Win Without War
Dr. Sanam Vakil: Director, Middle East & North Africa Programme, Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs
Sandra Kobajica Mišanović, PhD: University of Sarajevo
Dr. Sandra Scicluna, PhD: Senior Lecturer and Head of Department of Criminology, Faculty for Social Wellbeing, University of Malta
Sandro Mattioli: Journalist and President of Mafianeindanke e.V.
Dr. Sasha Jesperson: -
Selma el Obeid: Independent Researcher
Siegfried Wolf: -
Simona Schreier, PhD Candidate: University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria
Singo S. Mwachofi: Lecturer in Political Science, University of Nairobi, Kenya and Deputy Director, Security Research and Information Centre (SRIC), Nairobi.
Sonia Ruxandra Boticiu: Research Associate, Teichmann International (Schweiz) AG
Sophie Brain: Research Officer, Commonwealth Secretariat
Stefano Betti: International Security and Criminal Policy Expert
Stephen Schneider: Department of Criminology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Canada
Steven Broad: Independent Consultant
Assoc.prof.dr.sc. Sunčana Roksandić: Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb
Susanne Knickmeier, M.A.: -
Sveinn Helgason: Policy Analyst, GIN Member
Professor T. Wing Lo: Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong
Takuma Kamada: Associate professor, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University
Dr. Tarela Juliet Ike: Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Policing, Teesside University
Tarik Weekes: Research Fellow, Centre for Criminal Justice and Security, The University of the West Indies.
Tariq Khosa: Director, Centre for Governance Research
Tariq Parvez: President, Advisory Board, National Initiative against Organized Crime
Dr. Tena Prelec: Centre for Advanced Studies Southeast Europe, University of Rijeka
Tevita Tupou: -
Thapelo Ndlovu: Independent Consultant
Thi Hoang: -
Thierry Vircoulon: Senior consultant, French Institute for International Affairs
Tim Morris AM APM: CEO Bayview Advisory
Timo Shihepo: Researcher, and Freelance Investigative Journalist
Tiziano Breda: Latin America expert
Tom Westcott: Freelance Journalist
Tomas Maule: East Africa Transnational Organized Crime Expert
Tomslin Samme-Nlar: Research Director, Gefona Digital Foundation (Cameroon)
Trpe Stojanovski: Professor, Faculty of Security, St. Kliment Ohridski University, North Macedonia
Vaishali Basu Sharma: Analyst, Macroeconomics and Geostrategy
Valeska Troncoso: Center for Studies on Transnational Organized Crime (CeCOT); International Relations Institute, University of La Plata
Vel Moonien: Freelance journalist
Verónica Supliguicha Cárdenas: -
Dr. Viatcheslav Avioutskii: Professor, ESSCA School of Management (Paris)
Victor Hugo Aguirre Paredes: International Consultant
Virak OU: Founder and President, Future Forum, Cambodia
Dr. Wendell C. Wallace: Attorney-at-law/Mediator/Lecturer (Criminology and Criminal Justice), The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, W.I.
Wilfred Leeuwin: Senior freelance/research journalist, Member of the Caribbean Media Association and the Surinamese Association of Journalists
William John Walwa: -
William M. LeoGrande: Professor of Government, American University
Wojciech Filipkowski: University of Bialystok, The International Centre for Criminological Research and Expertise, Poland
Xhelal Neziri: Journalist and PHD Candidate, President of BIRC Institute
Dr. Xhevdet Halili: Prof.Ass., GIN Member
Dr. Yulia Vorobyeva: Lecturer, Florida International University
Dr. Yuliya Zabyelina: Associate Professor, University of Alabama
Dr. Zoha Waseem: -
Dr. Zulia Orozco: Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
Carl Miller: -
Tamás Bezsenyi, PhD: -