About the Index

Based on the 2019 ENACT Organised Crime Index for Africa, the Global Organized Crime Index is a key flagship project of the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC). It is a multi-dimensional tool that assesses the level of criminality and resilience to organized crime for 193 countries along three key pillars – criminal markets, criminal actors and resilience. Developed over a two-year period, this third iteration of the Index covers the year 2024 and draws from both quantitative and qualitative sources. The tool is underpinned by over 350 expert assessments and evaluations by the GI-TOC’s regional observatories.

The objective of the Index is to provide metrics-based information that would allow policymakers and continental and regional bodies to prioritize their interventions on the basis of a holistic assessment of where vulnerabilities lie, and equip them with the means to measure the efficacy of their responses to mitigate the impact of organized crime.

Scores

Index composition

The Global Index measures criminality and resilience for each country on a scale of 1 to 10. Countries’ criminality scores are made up of the average of ten criminal markets and four criminal actor types. While encompassing a range of activities, criminal marketscan be thought of as the political, social and economic systems surrounding all stages of the illicit trade and/or exploitation of commodities or people. Criminal actor scores are based on assessments of the structure, control and influence of groups engaged in organized criminal activities. The higher the criminality score a country has, the more severe its criminality conditions are.

Resilience scores are created by taking the average of 12 resilience indicators. These indicators represent the political, legal, economic and social spheres of society that when taken together, have the potential to provide holistic and effective responses to organized crime. Unlike criminality, the higher the resilience score a country has, the more effective its response measures are to organised crime.

The definitions of criminal markets, criminal actors, and resilience indicators, as used for the purpose of the Index, can be downloaded here. All Index scores have gone through extensive rounds of review and verification by thematic, geographic and technical experts, and are accompanied by qualitative country profiles to ensure these numbers make sense in the real-world context and to offer users a foundation to develop informed policies to counter organized crime.

Rankings

Sort and compare

While responses differ from country to country, organized crime is nevertheless a global problem. Under the criminality and resilience components of the Index, countries are ranked based on their scores in order to offer users the option for comparative analysis, both thematically and geographically, across the globe. Countries may have similar scores but for different reasons, so above all, country rankings are meant to start a conversation among policymakers and regional bodies, encouraging them to delve deeper into how and why organized crime affects their respective countries, and learn from one another in order to develop effective resilience strategies.

Country with highest criminality score

Myanmar

8.08-0.07

Myanmar

Criminality

8.08

Criminal markets

7.67

Criminal actors

8.50

Resilience

1.46

Country with lowest criminality score

Tuvalu

1.53-0.09

Tuvalu

Criminality

1.53

Criminal markets

1.67

Criminal actors

1.40

Resilience

5.92

Country with highest resilience score

Myanmar

8.08-0.07

Myanmar

Criminality

8.08

Criminal markets

7.67

Criminal actors

8.50

Resilience

1.46

Country with lowest resilience score

Tuvalu

1.53-0.09

Tuvalu

Criminality

1.53

Criminal markets

1.67

Criminal actors

1.40

Resilience

5.92

Profile

Country summaries

In addition to the scores and rankings, the Global Organized Crime Index website allows users access to country summaries that explain the context behind each country’s scores. These summaries provide the background information on each country's criminality and resilience, including their subcomponents (i.e. criminal markets and criminal actors), while highlighting key trends based on expert assessments.

Pyramid height

The criminal actors score is represented by the pyramid height on a scale ranging from 1 to 10.

Pyramid width

The criminal markets score is represented by the pyramid base size on a scale ranging from 1 to 10.

Panel height

The resilience score is represented by the panel height which can be identified by the side of the panel.

Compare

Make your own comparison

The Global Organized Crime Index offers a holistic framework of a country’s overall relationship to organized crime. At the same time, its subcomponents and indicators allow users to disaggregate such information and determine correlations with various impact areas in any given country, region and/or continent. Policymakers and other users are able to compare data geographically, substantively and, with future iterations of the Index, temporally, so that they can identify key trends over time.

The GI-TOC is a network of prominent law enforcement, governance and development practitioners who are dedicated to seeking new and evidence-based strategies and responses to organized crime. Created in 2013 and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the GI-TOC has a globally dispersed Secretariat and a network of regional civil society observatories that work to provide a platform for engagement with states and for dialogue and joint action between civil society, law enforcement and other state actors. Overall, the GI-TOC works to promote greater debate and innovative approaches, which serve as the building blocks to an inclusive global strategy against organized crime.

Access the GI-TOC website for more content related to the Global Organized Crime Index

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People

Acknowledgements

The Global Organized Crime Index was developed by a core team at the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime: Laura Adal, Kosyo Ivanov, Chiara Gentili, Ebru Erkan, Ioana Vasi, Tuesday Reitano and Mark Shaw. Index development was also supported by Alastair MacBeath, Dardan Koçani, Edgardo Sandoval, Gabriel Funari, Prem Mahadevan, Raouf Farrah, Rumbi Matamba, Sarah Fares and Virginia Comolli, as regional coordinators, as well as by Gabriel Granjo and Russell Gray. Credit to the GI-TOC's Publications team, Claudio Landi and Café.art.br for the design, visualizations and website.

In the process of developing this tool, the team drew on the support and expertise of more than 350 individuals and we would like to express our sincere gratitude to colleagues, experts, reviewers and research assistants for their tireless efforts to build a comprehensive and informative knowledge-sharing and analytical tool.

Over a two-year period, experiences and informed opinions were exchanged, and lessons learned in order to develop the third iteration of this Global Organized Crime Index. The Index itself was conceptualized years before the publication of the first iteration of the tool, and its realization would not have been possible without the foundational work under ENACT (Enhancing Africa’s Response to Transnational Organised Crime) − supported by INTERPOL and the Institute for Security Studies, and funded by the European Union and in part by the Government of Norway. We would also like to extend our gratitude to the United States Department of State for funding the 2021, 2023 and 2025 editions of the Global Organized Crime Index.

Technical reference group

Dr. Fiona M Underwood: Independent Statistical Researcher/Consultant
Georgios Antonopoulos: Northumbria University, Newcastle
Jonathan D Moyer, PhD: Director, Frederick S Pardee Center for International Futures
Karl Lallerstedt: Senior Fellow, GI-TOC
Dr. Leo S.F. Lin: Director, Institute for Asian Crime and Security
Professor Marc Tassé: University of Ottawa, (School of Management and Law School)
Dr. Michael Levi: Professor of Criminology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
Dr. Patricio R Estévez-Soto: Lecturer in Security and Crime Science, University College London
Robin Cartwright: Senior Fellow, GI-TOC
Sara Batmanglich: -
Dr. Sharon Ingrid Kwok: Lecturer, Criminology, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University
Yannick Vuylsteke: Former Head of the Ibrahim Index of African Governance

Experts

Abdiaziz Mahmoud Ismail: Independent Consultant
Dr. Adam Alhassan Adamu Bonaa: -
Akizi Egnim Akala: Independent Consultant - Expert in Conflict, Peace and Security
Alberto Aziani: Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Research - University of Milano-Bicocca
Aleksandar Srbinovski: Field Coordinator, GI-TOC
Aleksey Karpeka: Investigative Journalist, Buro Media
Alexandar Kupatadze: -
Alexander Iskandaryan: Director, Caucasus Institute
Dr. Alexandre Bish: Head of Research Innovation: North Africa and the Sahel Observatory, GITOC
Alexandre Kukhianidze: Professor of Political Science, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Alexis A. Aronowitz, Ph.D.: -
Alice Fereday: Senior Analyst, GI-TOC
Allan Gillies: Lecturer in Global Economy, University of Glasgow
Dr. Alvin Camba: Lead Scientist & Director of Research, Lyvi, Senior Adjunct Scientist, Associated Universities Inc.
Ana Lúcia Sá: -
Prof. Andrea Giménez-Salinas Framis: Universidad Pontificia Comillas
Andrejs Vilks: Professor of the Faculty of Social Sciences of Riga Stradins University
Prof. Andrés Antillano: Instituto de Ciencias Penales Universidad Central de Venezuela
Anesa Agovic: Field Coordinator, GI-TOC
Dr. Angelo Constantinou: Adjunct Lecturer, Open University of Cyprus & Visiting Assistant Professor, University of Cyprus
Prof. Anja Osei: Professor of Comparative Political Science with a special focus on Africa, Freie Universität Berlin
Prof. Dr. Anna Sergi, LL.M. & Ph.D.: Professor of Criminology & Ethics Officer, Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of Essex
Dr. Anouk Ride: Research Fellow, Australian National University
Artis Velšs: Researcher, Riga Stradins University
Assis Malaquias: -
Biro Attila: Context.ro
Avaneesh Raman: AML/CFT & Governance Consultant
Balázs Gáti: Independent Expert
Bernadette Carreon: Freelance Journalist (formerly covering Pacific for over 20 years)
Bojan Elek: Freelance Journalist
Boštjan Slak: FCJS Staff
Brett Peppler: Managing Director, Intelligent Futures Pty Ltd.
Bridget Welsh: Honorary Research Associate, University of Nottingham Malaysia
Bruno Martins Morais: Center for Climate Crime Analysis (CCCA)
Bruno Pantaleão: Expert
Dr. Camille Hernández-Ramdwar: Professor Emerita, Toronto Metropolitan University
Carlos Aníbal Peris Castiglioni: Universidad Nacional de Asunción
Carolina Duque: International Researcher and Professor
Dr. Carolina Sampó: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet)
Celia Medrano: Researcher
César A. Ipenza Peralta: Environmental Lawyer specialized in environmental matters
Charles Goredema: Independent Consultant
Charles Mafa: Managing Editor, MakanDay Centre for Investigative Journalism
Christabella Judith Aceng: Lecturer of criminal, human rights and international law & Independent Consultant
Kunal Naik: Psychologist - Addictologist & Drug Policy Expert
Dr. Concepción Anguita Olmedo: Professor in International Relations and Organized Crime, Universidad Complutense of Madrid and Senior Researcher, Complutense Institute of International Studies (ICEI)
Sir Crispian Barlow Bt: Senior Technical Advisor, Conservation Enforcement
Crispin Yuen: Director, Custos Advisory
Daniel Brombacher: Director: Europe Observatory, GI-TOC
Daniel A. Lachman: Strategy, Scenario and Transition Consultant & Sr. Partner, Naturata Global
Daniele Grasso: Data and Investigative Journalist, El País
Dr. Dany Franck A. Tiwa: Executive Director, African Centre for Crime and Security Studies (ACCSS)
Prof. David Bright: Deakin Covert Networks Lab, Deakin University
Dr. David Erkomaishvili: Lecturer in International Security, Charles University
Dr. Dávid Tóth, Ph.D.: Adjunct Professor, University of Pécs, Faculty of Law, Criminology and Penal Execution Law Department
Dr. Deborah Alimi: Daleth Research
Dejan Milovac: Director, MANS' Investigative Center
Dr. Derica Lambrechts: Associate Professor, Stellenbosch University
Diana S. Kim, Ph.D.: Associate Professor, Georgetown University
Prof. Dr. Dina Siegel: Criminology Department, Utrecht University
Fabrice A. Kodjo Ebeh, Ph.D.: International Expert on anti-corruption / AML / illicit financial flows
Dylan Kerrigan: -
Edgardo Jose Mejia Gomez-Marquez: Attorney at Law
Dr. Eirini Stamouli: Dr. of Criminology & Staff member, Hellenic Open University
Elisabete Vilar: Researcher, NOVA University of Lisbon – School of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH)
Emadeddin Badi: Senior Fellow, GI-TOC
Dr. Emilia Jurgielewicz-Delegacz: Faculty of Law, University of Poland
Prof. Etannibi E. Alemika: -
Eugénio Almeida, Ph.D.: -
Evelyn Espinoza, Ph.D.: -
Fabian Federl: Journalist & Research Fellow, 2024/25 Rainforest Investigations, Fellow at the Pulitzer Center
Fatjona Mejdini: Director: South Eastern Europe Observatory, GI-TOC
Felipe Botero Escobar: Head of Andean Regional Office, GI-TOC
Fiona Mangan: -
Francisco Cuamea: Independent Journalist
François Mathieu: Independent Expert & GI-TOC Board Member
Galen Murton: Associate Professor, School of Integrated Sciences, James Madison University
Brig. General (rtd) Gaseikanngwe Peke: Independent Consultant
Gavin Slade: Associate Professor of Sociology, Nazarbayev University
Georges Nicette: Senior Lecturer on social work and sociology, Health and Social Care Department, University Of Seychelles (UNISEY)
Andreas Ravnsborg Daugaard: Research Director, Asociación para una Sociedad más Justa, Chapter of Transparency International in Honduras
Prof. Georgios A. Antonopoulos: Professor of Criminology, Northumbria University
Dr. Gideon Ofosu-Peasah: Consultant, GI-TOC
PD Mag. Dr. phil. habil. Gilles Reckinger: Karl Franzens Universität Graz, Institut für Kulturanthropologie
Golden Matonga: -
Gorazd Meško: University of Maribor
Dr. Gulzat Botoeva: Senior Lecturer, Swansea University
Dr. Hai Thanh Luong: Lecturer in Criminology, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University
Hamid Azizi: Researcher, Flinders University
Dr. Mac Archer: Analyst, GI-TOC
Dr. Hasan Hafidh: Director & Academic Consultant, HH Expert Consultancy
Dr. Hassan Ould Moctar: Independent Scholar & Consultant
Hayatte Abdou: Journaliste & Rédactrice en Chef, National Magazine Comores
Prof. Helgi Gunnlaugsson: University of Iceland
Dr. Henrietta McNeill: Research Fellow (Pacific Security, Geopolitics, Regionalism), Australian National University
Dr. Tamasailau Suaalii-Sauni: Associate Professor, Faculty of Arts, Criminology, University of Auckland
Dr. Henry Ivarature: Deputy Director, Strategic Partnerships, Pacific Security College, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University
Hugh Miles: Director, Al Shafie Miles Ltd.
Ibrahim Jalal: Senior Consultant, Horizon Insights Research and Advisory
Ivan Fischer: Digital Investigation Journalist, Agence France Presse
Ivan Rush Mugisha: Freelance Journalist: AFP, The Africa Report, The East African
Jackson P. Miller, MPP: Harvard Kennedy School
Jacqui Baker: Principal Fellow, Indo-Pacific Research Centre, Murdoch University
Dr. Jade Lindley: Expert member, GI-TOC
Dr. J. E. Hoare OBE: School of Oriental and African Studies
James Windle: Senior Lecturer of Criminology, University College Cork
Prof. Jan van Dijk: NSCR
Dr. Jarrod Sadulski: Global Organized Crime and Human Trafficking Consultant, Sadulski Enterprises LLC.
Jason Eligh: Senior Expert, GI-TOC
Jelle Janssens: Associate Professor of Criminology, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University
Jenni Irish-Qhobosheane: Senior Expert, GI-TOC
Jennifer Peirce: Independent Consultant
Jenny J Constantine: Strategic Consultant and Trainer, Transnational Organized Crime, Janus Consortium
Joaquín Gil Roca: Investigative Reporter, El País
Joelle Bassil: Independent Consultant
Johann van Loggerenberg: Consultant: Organised Crime, Tax, Customs, Excise, General Legal Advisor, Lifestyle Audit Advisor, Lecturer (post graduate studies), Author, Journalist, Conflict Negotiator and Mediator, Researcher and Analyst
John Collins: Director: Academic Engagement, GI-TOC & Editor-in-Chief: JIED
Dr. John Coyne: Australian Strategic Policy Institute
John Kamma: Founder & Executive Director, Citizens Bureau for Development and Productivity
Dr. John P. Sullivan: Safe Communities Institute, University of Southern California
Jonathan D. Rosen: New Jersey City University
Jonathan R Beloff: Postdoctoral Research Associate, King's College London
Jonathan Rozen: Independent Researcher
Prof. Dr. Joongyoung Hahm: Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Graduate School, International Relations
Josefina Salomón: Journalist and Researcher
Julia Stanyard: Senior Analyst, GI-TOC
Prof. Jüri Saar: Researcher, Institute of Internal Security, Estonian Academy of Security Sciences
Dr. Kemel Toktomushev: Senior Research Fellow, University of Central Asia
Kiakisiki Q. Do Nascimento: -
Koalaga Oumarou Paul: -
Kokou Dela Afande: Independent Worker
Kristof Titeca: Professor in Development Studies, Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp
Kwesi Aning: Director, Faculty of Academic Affairs and Research, Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center, Accra
Dr. Lambros Kaoullas: Director, Executive Education Centre, University of Limassol & Visiting Lecturer, Police Cadet Training Programme, University of Cyprus
Lavdim Hamidi: Journalist
Lester Ramirez Irias: Professor, Central American Technological University
Dr. Loria-Mae Heywood: Child / Human Trafficking and Development Specialist
Luca Raineri: Assistant Professor, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa
Lucas Olo Fernandes: Lawyer, Equatorial Guinean Commission of Jurists
Lucy Poni Modi Igga: -
Lukas Diko: Chairman, Investigative Center of Jan Kuciak
Lyes Tagziria: Senior Analyst, GI-TOC
Magdalena Lembovska: Independent Expert
Marcena Hunter: Director of Extractives, GI-TOC
Margherita Bettoni: Investigative Journalist
Beatriz Seabra de Brito: Guest Professor, Nova School of Law
Mariana Botero Restrepo: -
Dr. Marika McAdam: Independent Consultant
Mark Lauchs: Associate Professor, Queensland University of Technology
Mark Nuttall: Executive Advisor, Confidential
Mark Pegler: Independent Consultant
Martin Plaut: Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Commonwealth Studies and King’s College, University of London
Dr. Martin Thorley: Senior Analyst, GI-TOC
Martina Baradel: Marie Curie Fellow, University of Oxford
Dr. Matt Herbert: Head of Research: North Africa and the Sahel Observatory, GI-TOC
Matthew Nanes: Associate Professor, Saint Louis University
Gustavo Mauricio Bastien Olvera: Citizen Security Specialist
Dr. Mauricio Vieira: Assistant Professor, Head, Chair on Countering Illicit Trade and Preventing Transnational Organized Crime, University for Peace
Max Daly: Journalist and Analyst specialising in drugs and organised crime, Orwell Prize Winner, Author, Former Global Drugs Editor at Vice World News
Dr. Max Gallien: Research Fellow, Institute of Development Studies
Melodie Cerin: Resilience Fund Liaison, GITOC
Dr. Mentor Beqa: Aleksander Moisiu University
Michael Dyson: Independent Consultant
Michael Kabuni: Ph.D. Student, Department of Pacific Affairs, Australian National University
Dr. Michael Main: Independent Consultant and Research Affiliate, Initiative for Peacebuilding, School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne
Michael McLaggan: Analyst, GI-TOC
Michael E Picard: -
Dr. Mohammed Rahman: Senior Lecturer in Criminology, Birmingham City University
Gisa Dr. Moses Ma’alo Faleolo: Lecturer in Criminology, Victoria University of Wellington
Muazu Umaru: Director, Policy and Research, GIABA, Dakar
Nacer Lalam, Ph.D.: -
Najib Shah: -
JUDr. Natália Hangáčová, Ph.D.: -
Dr. Natalia Ollus: Director, the European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI)
Dr. Navi Ramgolam: Maritime Security Expert
Nesma El Shazly: -
Dr. Nicholas Gilmour: Consultant and Author
Dr. Nilia Viscardi: Universidad de la República, Uruguay
Nonduduzo Kunene: Senior Journalist, Times of Eswatini
Odd Berner Malme: Senior Advisor, GI-TOC
Ofani Eremae: Editor, In-depth Solomons
Olga Biegus: Environmental Crime and Policy Expert
Otto A. Escartín Romero: Independent Researcher / Consultant in International Organized Crime
Pahrur Roji Dalimunthe: Managing Partner, Dalimunthe & Tampubolon Lawyers (DNT Lawyers)
Patrick Winn: Investigative Journalist based in Southeast Asia
Paul Chaves: ISEC, COLADCA
Paul Larsson: Professor, the Norwegian Police University College
Pauline Tweedie: The Asia Foundation
Pavla Holcova: Editor, OCCRP
Dr. Peggy Chaudhry: -
Dr. Peng Wang: Department of Sociology, The University of Hong Kong
Petr Kupka: Department of Anthropology, University of West Bohemia
Philip Alpers: Adjunct Associate Professor, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney
Pierre-Arnaud Chouvy: Research Fellow, CNRS
Rabi Raj Thapa: Additional Inspector General of Armed Police Force (Retired), Freelance Security Consultant
Racheline Tantular: Independent Consultant
Radu Nicolae: Anti-Corruption and Asset Recovery Expert, Association for Cooperation and Sustainable Development
Rasmus Munksgaard: Associate Professor, Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University
Rebecca Feathers: -
Dr. Reginas Ndayiragije: Research Associate, IOB, University of Antwerpen
Rejimon Kuttappan: Independent Labour Migration Expert and Forced Labour Investigator
Renato Rivera Rhon: Senior Analyst, GI-TOC
Riana Raymonde Randrianarisoa: Investigative Journalist, Independent Consultant & Editor-in-Chief, Gazety Taratra
Richard Andrew Clark: Visiting Adjunct Fellow, Foundation for Defense of Democracies
Dr. Richard Horsey: Independent Consultant
Rikkert Reijnen: Wildlife Crime Expert, Independent Consultant
Roy McComb: Director, Inquisitio Consulting Ltd
Ruggero Scaturro: Senior Analyst, GI-TOC
Rukshana Rizwie: Researcher
Rundong Ning: -
Ruslan Trad: Security Researcher, Atlantic Council's DFRLab
Ruth Freedom Pojman: RFP Advisory
Ryhor Nizhnikau: Senior Research Fellow, Finnish Institute of International Affairs
Sally Bilaly SOW: Independent Journalist and Consultant
Samina Ahmed, Ph.D.: South Asia Project Director and Senior Asia Advisor, International Crisis Group
Dr. Samuel Ayele Bekalo: -
Sam Ratner: Policy Director, Win Without War
Sanam Vakil: Director, Middle East and North Africa Programme, Chatham House
Dr. Sandra Scicluna, Ph.D.: -
Sandro Mattioli: Journalist, President of Mafianeindanke e.V. and Author
Prof. Saviour Formosa: Department of Criminology, University of Malta
Prof. Janice Formosa Pace: Head of Department, Department of Criminology, University of Malta
Selma El-Obeidi: Independent Researcher
Sherif Mohyeldeen: Senior MENA Analyst and Member, The Global CSO Coalition on Human Rights and Counter-Terrorism
Shondell Albert: Independent Consultant
Dr. Siegfried O. Wolf: -
Silvia Allegrezza: -
Singo Mwachofi: -
Stephen Schneider: Department of Criminology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax
Steven Broad: Independent Consultant
Sveinn Helgason: Policy Analyst
Takuma Kamada: Associate Professor, Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University
Tarik Weekes: Research Fellow, The University of the West Indies
Tayra Ivonne Barsallo: Customs Expert and Security Consultant
Tegshbayar Darambazar: -
Telita Snyckers Norgaard: Independent Tax and Customs Optimization Consultant
Dr. Tess Newton Cain: Adjunct Associate Professor, Griffith Asia Institute
Thierry Vircoulon: Associate Researcher, French Institute for International Affairs
Tim Morris: -
Timo Shihepo: Media Practitioner and Researcher
Tobias Schneider: Research Fellow, Global Public Policy Institute
Tom Westcott: Freelance Journalist
Tomas Maule: -
Tomslin Samme-Nlar: Independent Researcher
Trung Pham: Program Manager, Counter Wildlife Trafficking, WCS Vietnam
Uttara Mendiratta: PhD Candidate, Faculty of Law, The Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Valeska Troncoso: Professor, Universidad de Santiago de Chile & Researcher and Co-coordinator of the Center for Studies on Transnational Organized Crime (CeCOT), International Relations Institute, University of La Plata
Vel Moonien: -
Dr. Viatcheslav Avioutskii: Professor, ESSCA School of Management, Paris
Victor Hugo Aguirre Paredes: Senior Consultant on Crime Prevention
Dr. Wendell C. Wallace: Attorney-at-law, Mediator, Senior Lecturer (criminology and criminal justice), The University of the West Indies
Wojciech Filipkowski: The International Centre for Criminological Research and Expertise, The University of Bialystok
Dr. Yolande Kyngdon-McKay: -
Dr. Yulia Vorobyeva: Lecturer, Florida International University
Yvon Dandurand: -
Yvonne Khor, Ph.D.: Independent Expert and Consultant

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This project was funded in part by a grant from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State.

ENACT is funded by the European Union and implemented by the Institute for Security Studies and INTERPOL, in affiliation with the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime.